Eczema and Winter: Understanding the Connection

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that affects about 20% of Canadians, notably higher than the world average of 15%. Characterized by red, inflamed, and itchy patches of skin, eczema can range from a mild nuisance to a severely uncomfortable condition that disrupts daily life. While it can flare up at any time, many eczema sufferers notice their symptoms getting significantly worse during the winter months. But why is this the case? Let’s start by explaining what Eczema is.

What is Eczema?

Eczema is more than just dry skin. It’s a condition rooted in an overactive immune system, which causes the skin’s protective barrier to become compromised.1 This makes the skin more susceptible to irritation from environmental triggers like allergens, harsh soaps, or even weather changes. Some symptoms include:

• Dry, scaly patches of skin

• Intense itching

• Cracked or bleeding skin

• Swelling and redness

The condition often comes in cycles, with periods of remission followed by flare-ups.

Why Does Winter Make Eczema Worse?

The winter months are notorious for triggering eczema flare-ups, and here’s why:

1. Dry Air

Cold winter air holds less moisture, which can sap hydration from your skin. Indoor heating only makes things worse by further drying out the air, creating an environment where your skin struggles to retain moisture.

2. Hot Showers

Who doesn’t love a long, hot shower when it’s freezing outside? Unfortunately, hot water strips your skin of its natural oils, leaving it more vulnerable to eczema flare-ups.

3. Harsh Clothing

Winter wardrobes often include wool sweaters and other thick fabrics that, while warm, can irritate sensitive skin. The friction from these materials can exacerbate eczema.

4. Weakened Skin Barrier

The combination of dry air, rapid temperature changes (from cold outdoors to warm indoors), and low humidity weakens your skin barrier, making it more prone to cracking, itching, and inflammation.

Tips for Managing Winter Eczema

Managing eczema in the winter requires a proactive approach to protect and hydrate your skin. Here are some strategies to help:

1. Moisturize Religiously

Use a thick, fragrance-free cream or ointment immediately after bathing and throughout the day. Look for products containing ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or glycerin to lock in moisture.

2. Use a Humidifier

Combat dry indoor air by using a humidifier, especially in your bedroom while you sleep. Aim for indoor humidity levels between 40-60%.

3. Rethink Your Shower Routine

Stick to lukewarm water and keep showers short—ideally under 10 minutes. Avoid using harsh soaps and opt for gentle, hypoallergenic cleansers.

4. Dress Smart

Layer with soft, breathable fabrics like cotton as your base layer. Avoid direct contact with scratchy materials like wool or synthetic fibers.

5. Stay Hydrated

Drink plenty of water to keep your skin hydrated from the inside out, and incorporate healthy fats into your diet, such as omega-3s, which support skin health.

6. Don’t Ignore Flare-Ups

If over-the-counter treatments don’t help, consult a dermatologist. They may recommend prescription creams, antihistamines, or other therapies to manage severe eczema.

Looking Ahead

While winter can be tough for those with eczema, understanding the triggers and taking preventative measures can make a world of difference. Remember, consistency is key when it comes to skincare. By adapting your routine to the season, you can minimize flare-ups and keep your skin comfortable, even in the chilliest months.

So, bundle up, stay moisturized, and enjoy winter without the itch!

Sources

1. Autosomal dominant hyper IGE syndrome - symptoms, causes, treatment: Nord. National Organization for Rare Disorders. (2023, November 20). https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/autosomal-dominant-hyper-ige-syndrome/

2. Press release: Global report on atopic dermatitis 2022. Global Atopic Dermatitis Atlas. (n.d.). https://www.atopicdermatitisatlas.org/en/news/press-release-global-report-on-atopic-dermatitis-2022?utm_source=chatgpt.com

3. Support, M. (n.d.). CSPA - Eczema report. CSPA. https://canadianskin.ca/advocacy/advocacy-reports/eczema-reporthmed